الملخص باللغة العربية
جاءتالدارسةالحالیةفىخمسةفصولتسبقهامقدمةوتنتهىبخاتمة،وقداحتوتالمقدمةعلى موقعمنطقةالدارسةوامتدادها،وأسباباختیارالموضوعوأهدافهومصادرالدارسةومنهجها،وخطة البحث،بینمااشتملتالخاتمةعلىأهمالنتائجوالتوصیاتالتىتوصلتإلیهاالدارسة،ویبدأكلفصل بتمهیدیوجزالهدفمنإعدادالفصلوالأدواتالمستخدمةلتحقیقه،وینتهىكلفصلبخلاصةتبرز أهمنتائجه. ویهتمالفصلالأولبدارسةالإجارءاتالمنهجیةلدارسةالتغیارتالمناخیةوأدواتقیاسها، ودارسةتصنیفالتغیارتالمناخیة،ورصدالمقاییسالمكانیةوالزمانیةلها،وكذلكدارسةآلیةقیاس التأثیارتالطبیعیةالناتجةعنتغیرالمناخفىمنطقةالدارسة،مثلالتأثیارتالناتجةعنتغیرمناخ النظمالساحلیةفىمنطقةالدارسة. ثمتناولالأدواتالبحثیةوالأسالیبالعلمیةالمستخدمةفىالدارسة. ٢٠١١) فىمنطقةدلتاالنیل،- ویهتمالفصلالثانىبدارسةتغیارتدرجةالحاررةخلالالفترة( ١٩٦١ منخلالدارسةالاتجاهالعاموطبیعةالتغیارتفىدرجةالحاررة،ومدىالتغیرالمكانىوالزمانىلتوزیع مقاییسدرجةالحاررةودارسةأنماطالتغیرلدرجةالحاررةمثلالدوارتوالذبذباتوالتباینات،وكذلكدارسة مقدارالحیودالحاررىوقدتمحسابقیمالحیودلدرجةالحاررةبناءعلىالمتوسطاتلفترةالأساس . (١٩٩٠-١٩٦١) ویتناولالفصلالثالثتغیارتالمطر،منخلالدارسةاتجاهاتتغیرالمطروخصائصهفىمنطقة الدارسة،وقیاستغیردوارتكمیةالمطروتباینها،وانحارفهاعنمعدلاتهاالطبیعیة،وبیانالعلاقةما بینتغیارتدرجةالحاررةوتغیارتالمطر. وركزالفصلالاربععلىدارسةالعواملالمحلیةوالإقلیمیةالمسببةللتغیارتالمناخیةبمنطقةالدارسة، منخلالدارسةالعواملالطبیعیةوالبشریةالمسببةلتغیردرجةالحاررةوكمیةالمطر،بوصفهما العنصرینالأساسینفىالمنظومةالمناخیة. وأخیاریتناولالفصلالخامسدارسةالتأثیارتالطبیعیة الناتجةعنتغیرالمناخفىمنطقةالدارسةورصدهاوقیاسها،مثلدارسةأثرالتغیرالمناخىعلى - ٢- تذبذبمنسوبسطحالبحر،ونظامبحیرةالبرلس،ونظمالسبخاتبمنطقةالدارسة،وتذبذبمستوى الماءالجوفى،والنظمالحیویةمثلتغیرالنباتالطبیعىوتغیرالمكوناتالحیوانیة.
الملخص باللغة الإنجليزية
The study area and especially the coastal area of the Nile Delta is considered one of the most affected area by the impacts of climate change, as a result of the increase of temperature and the consequent rise of sea level regions of the world. Scientists have disagreed about climate change and its causes. There is a team saying that the main cause of climate change is the natural factors and that the most important of these factors are caused by the sun energy changes and change of the composition of the atmosphere due to the release of gas and dust from volcanoes, and some believe that those changes are caused by human activities, as temperatures have increased during the twentieth century, The century of tremendous increase related to the population and in manufacturing and the wasteful use of energy and the pollution of the environment, Moreover this change is a simple part of what will occure in the future, which will be more variable . . The current study is composed of five chapters preceded by an introduction and ends with a conclusion, A research introduction contains the study area and its extension, the reasons for selecting the topic, its objectives, the sources of the study and its approach and the research plan, while the conclusion contains the most important consequences and recommendations of the study. The first chapter focuses on studying the methodological procedures for the study of climate change and the tools of measuring them, studying the classification of climate changes, and monitoring the temporal and spatial measurements for them, as well as studying the mechanism of measuring the natural effects caused by the change of climate in the study area -such as the effects resulted from the climate change of coastal systems in the study areathen handling the methodological tools and scientific methods in the study . The second chapter focuses on studying the temperature changes during the period (1961-2011) in the Nile Delta region, through the study of the general trend of daily mean temperature changes(The types of changes related to temperatures), maximum and minimum temperature changes. Also it focuses on studying the temporal and spatial distributing of the measurements related to temperatures from the normal in the study area, as well as the studying the patterns change of temperature. . The third chapter deals with the rain changes, through study of trends of the rain and its properties change in the study area, and measuring the change cycles related to the amount of rain and contrast, and its deviation from its normal rates, and showing the relationship between temperature changes and the rain changes. The fourth chapter focuses on studying local and regional factors causing climate changes occured in the study area, through studying natural and anthropogenic causing temperature change and rainfall amounts, Those factors are considered the basic elements related to the climate system. Finally, The fifth chapter deals with studing the natural impacts resulted from the climate change occured in the study area and monitoring those impacts also measuring them, for example, studying the impacts of climate change on the sea level change, The change occured in Lake Burullus, and the impacts of climate change on sabkhas system in the study region, and the changes of the groundwater level, the chapter also focus on the impacts on the natural plant and animal components change in the study area.
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