الملخص باللغة العربية

الملخص باللغة الإنجليزية

<p> The study examines ((analysis of seasonal changes in climate elements on the severity of droughts in Iraq)). The seasonal climate changes in the elements of the climate and their effects on drought in terms of intensity and frequency at the seasonal level of the rainy season as well as at the quarterly level, (1980 - 2017) The study has based on geographic techniques of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) in the analysis of the spatial variations of the climate elements and the changes that occurred in the study. as well as the adoption of advanced statistical techniques and using a range of statistical programs specialized in data used in the analysis of the study The study is divided into two parts: The first part: Study and analysis of climatic elements at the seasonal and seasonal levels and the development of changes in climate elements, The Mann-Kandel statistical test was used to measure changes in climate elements and evaluate the fluctuation in climate data by using the coarse coefficient of time series. The average temperature change was 1.5c and minor by 1.9 c at 1.4 c during the rainy season. The test shows that Rainfall was decreasing in all stations of the study area at the seasonal level as well as in the winter and spring, while the autumn rains took an increasing trend in the southern and central stations of the study area. The positive change rate was 6.5 mm while the negative change rate was 18.8 mm during autumn. (Seasonal brightness, wind speed,and relative humidity) illustrate significant seasonal and seasonal changes in their general trends and were generally declining in their rates with the time. …………… Abstract ……………… b model rain dry the highest record cheese dry waves with a clear increase in severity for the rest of the models, which can firm showing that drought indicators tend to increase in frequency and intensity with time on the seasonal level and quarterly and all stations. The results of the Mandel Kandel test view that the overall trend of all drought indicators recorded a decreasing trend in time, indicating that the drought has been steadily deepening over time, in line with global studies on drought in sub-tropical and tropical displays. The overall analysis of selected study cases remarks that there was a clear indication of the total characteristics of the dry and wet years in the study area. The dry years were less frequent and the rain decreases. The higher the recurrence of the highlands was observed. The higher frequency of the straight waves was also recorded In dry years. Vegetation analysis maintains that NDVI and vegetation cover showed a significant difference in the coverage ratios of the two species. The vegetation cover is very dense and dense between wet and dry season, with a range of 300 mm and 400 mm in the study area. The temperature gradient, precipitation, and evaporation are the most important factors in the frequency and severity of droughts as the dryness was inversely associated with rain, while the effect of temperature and evaporation was drought.</p>