This study tackles the western coast of the Gulf of Suez which is concerned with Ras Ghareb in the south and Ras Al-Adbiya in the north. The core of this study extends between circles 20, 28 and 40, 29 north and between longitudes 0, 32 and 40, 32 in the east. The total space of the study area is 673.22 km2. This study is limited to the confined area from the Coastline to the 40 Contour line, the Western back of the study area.Chapter one, the first chapter tackles ”The theoretical framework and the methodology of the study”. It also gives a general overview about the location of the study and its geographical features, General nature, the reasons behind choosing this topic, the methodology and the styles used in data analysis of the study. It also deals with the difficulties the researcher faced on preparing this thesis, not to mention the steps of the study and its various topics..Chapter two “The General natural characteristics of the study area” deals with the Geological and structural characteristics of the ground heads in the study area, the study showed that there is a discrepancy in the formations of the study area between the first time until the fourth time, so the Holocene sediments are the most widespread formations on the surface of the study area, while we find that the formation of Malheha and Moqattam are the least prevalent formations on the surface of the study area. The study also proves that the DROP in the surface level in the coastal areas led to allowing sea water to penetrate the sediments and soil components in the low-lying areas, providing them with water, fine sand, and forming sabkhas, as is the case in the Ras al-Adabiya sabkha. An area of about 123. 89 km2 or 18.4% of the total area of the study area. The study of climatic conditions indicates that the region is located within the dry desert range and is exposed to winds throughout the year from all directions, but the rate of blowing winds increases in the northeast, north, and west, where their averages reached 33.5, 31.9, 14.8 km / hour respectively, which plays a role in shedding sand and forming some shapes and sand mattresses that cover the coastal plain and the surface of the ground heads in the study area. The study also clarifies the role of waves in shaping the headlands and the coastline, as they act as a sediment carving factor in many areas of the coast. The study also showed the role of marine formation factors for the formation of the Geomorphological coastal phenomena of the ground heads. Chapter three “Morphometric analysis of the ground heads in the study area” concerns with the morphometric analysis which is carried out for the dimensions of the heads from length, width, area and perimeter, to find out the extent to which they are affected by the activity of ventilation and erosion on the surfaces of the land heads in the study area. where the study area includes nine ground heads (Al-Adabiyah, Abu Al-Daraj, Al-Zafarana, Asran, Azbarban, Rohmy, Rahma, Bakr Ghareb), besides the analysis of the general topographical characteristics through the analysis of the degree of gradient, sprocket rate and hypsometric integration. It also dealt with the study of the rate of elongation and shape, and the coefficient of penetration of the head into the sea, as the land heads in the study area are characterized by being more penetrating into the sea, and the penetration values reached Ras Rohmi and Abu Daraj 10, 0.63 respectively, and the study of the correlations between the formal and topographical characteristics of the land heads to know the extent of the growth and decline of the land heads in the study area. Chapter four “Phenomenology and Geomorphological Forms” is associated with the headlands, as the study of the relative change in length in the land headlands during the period (1984-2016) showed that there are heads that have been subjected to an absolute increase in their length during this period, especially my vertical ones (Abu Daraj and Zafarana), and it was clear through analyzing the amount of relative change in width The ground heads during this period showed that there were heads that were subjected to an absolute increase in their width during this period, which is represented in the heads of (Al-Zafarana, Azbarban, Rahma and Bakr), while Ras Gharib was exposed to an increase in width during the year 2000 and was subjected to a decrease in 2016, while the study showed the distinction All the land heads in the study area by the absolute increase in area during the period (1984-2016), except for Ras Azbarban, which is the only head that has been subjected to sculpting due to the low level of its surface, which leads to an increase in the activity of sculpting waves and eroding its area. The study also clarified the multiplicity and diversity of phenomena related to marine erosion, which are divided into phenomena related to marine sculpture: they are represented in (beach pavements, marine sculpture gaps, rock masses resulting from the collapse of suspended ceilings, beach pavement slopes, melt pits, tidal channels) and phenomena related to marine sedimentation: They are represented in (sandy beach, sandy tongues, sand hooks, coastal marshes, sandbars and lagoons, tidal flats, beach serrations, sand ripples), and the phenomena associated with continental erosion, which are represented in the phenomena associated with aerobic sedimentation that cover the coastal plain of the Cape areas and are represented in ( Al Nabak and coastal sandy beds).Chapter five “Applied geomorphology and development axes at the tops of the ground in the study area” deals with the study of the practical and utilitarian aspects in the study area, due to its richness and abundance in natural resources that can be used and employed to serve and develop the region in particular, and study the development axes in the region in terms of the development of roads, ports, urban and tourism development, And studying the difficulties facing the development processes in the study area and the ways to overcome it. |
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