Topics related to sustainable urban planning and sustainable development are one of the vital topics because they aim to take into account new dimensions during development planning in cities. The most important of which are the environmental dimensions and the rights of future generations in terms of different resources.in addition, the economic and social dimentions are the basis for the urban development in its traditiona concept. So,the researcher has selected to study Sustainable Urban Development under the title of:Sustainable Urban Planning for Makkah City (from 2004 to2030)”Geographical study”Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. The first Chapter deals ” some physical characteristics that effects on the sustainable urban Planning for Makkah City. It includes the location of Makkah City”, the possibilities and centralization of this district and its relation to towns in K.S.A.It also site topography, soil, climate, temperature degree, humidity, wind and rain. where it was found that the complex topographical character prevails over the topography of the city of Mecca, especially in the eastern part, and it was found that more than 59% of the city is suitable for urban development inside and outside the urban mass without the presence of obstacles due to the decline factor, and this appears in the flat areas of the city, and its climate is characterized by a hot summer Dry, relatively warm and humid winters. As discussed in Chapter Two:population characteristics that effects on the sustainable urban Planning for Makkah City ” it includes the evolution, growth, spatial dimension of the population through its geographical distribution, analysis of population density, and the demographic, economic and educational characteristics of the population, In addition to studying the population problems in Makkah represented in: the high rate of population growth, dependency rate, unemployment, illiteracy, and the use of the descriptive environmental analysis method (SWOT)to determine the capabilities and determinants of the characteristics of the city’s population, and the chapter concluded that Makkah is an attractive city for the population, where the period 2004-2016 witnessed the highest Population increase in the city, where the amount of increase during this period amounted to 624,772 people, with an annual increase of 48,059 people, an increase of 146% compared to the population increase in previous periods.Thethird Chapter discussed: “Urban characteristics affecting sustainable urban planning in the city ” Through the study of the historical establishment of the city, and the study of the historical development of the horizontal urban growth, where the stages of urban growth in the city from 1971 to 2020 were studied, The urban growth trends and the growth form were studied, then the urban problems in Makkah were studied, including random urban growth, the emergence of slum areas in the city, and pollution of all kinds, and following the method of descriptive environmental analysis of urbanization in the city. Before 1971, to573 km2 in 2020, and the last period 2020is the largest urban increase in the city, and the total slum areas in Makkah amounted to about 85 areas with an area of about 18430hectares.The fourth chapter also discussed the uses of the land in the city of Mecca, where it discussed the current situation of the uses of the land in the city represented: in the various uses (residential,commercial, industrial, artisan, service, space lands, in addition to other uses, then study the spatial analysis of the uses of the land in terms of trends and pattern Distribution and settlement of land uses, then studying the problems of land uses in the city, where the used area constituted about17%,while the area of vacant land constituted about 8.5% of the total urban mass, and residential use was 41.5%, and service uses occupied 25.4% of the total area used In the city, the land use complex was characterized by randomness, and the city includes vacant lands located on the outskirts of the city. Finally, the fifth chapter dealt with the services affecting sustainable urban planning in the city of Mecca, including the infrastructure services represented in the road and transport network,infrastructure networks,drinking water, sewage, energy network, communication services, and post, and it dealt with the study of public services where the study focused on services Health and education, and the application of spatial analysis methods for infrastructure networks and the distribution of health and education services in the city of Makkah. It became clear that Makkah serves about 45 water tanks, eight very high-pressure lines(380kV),and4main transmission stations with voltage (380/110 kV).And the network covers more than 90% of the urban mass, and the poor quality of health service provision is due to the deterioration of the technical, administrative and financial conditions in government hospitals, and there is a shortage in the number of hospitals of 94, the city needs 591 health units, bringing the number of health units with a deficit in service to 387 health units that the city needs to meet the needs of Population according to the population standard |
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